March 2021

Refined grain consumption associated with increased risk for mortality,
and cardiovascular disease events. Refined grain consumption was associated with an increased risk for mortality and major CVD events, according to new data from the PURE study published in The BMJ.
“Previous studies have been conducted mostly in North America and Europe, with limited information from other parts of the world where the amount and types of carbohydrates consumed in the diet vary, as do their contributions to overall calories,” Sumathi Swaminathan, MD, associate professor in the division of nutrition at St. John’s Research Institute in Bangalore, India, and colleagues wrote. “The PURE study has the distinct advantage of examining diets from diverse populations in low-, middle- and high-income countries in multiple regions across the world.”

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The prospective cohort study included 137,130 participants (mean age, 50 years; 42% men) from 21 countries who were followed for a median of 9.5 years. Participants completed a country-specific food frequency questionnaire to evaluate consumption of refined grains, whole grains and white rice.
The primary outcome was the composite of mortality or major CVD events such as death from CV causes, nonfatal MI, stroke or HF. Participants were stratified by refined grain consumption: less than 50 g per day, 50 g to less than 150 g per day, 150 g to less than 250 g per day, 250 g to less than 350 g per day, and at least 350 g per day.
According to the researchers, 9.2% of participants experienced a composite outcome event during follow-up.
The highest level of refined grain intake (> 350 g per day) was associated with elevated risk for total mortality (HR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.11-1.46; P for trend = .004), major CVD events (HR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.16-1.52; P for trend < .001) and mortality or major CV events (HR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.15-1.42; P for trend < .001) compared with the lowest level of refined grain intake (< 50 g per day). There was also an association between higher refined grain consumption and higher systolic BP.
There were no significant associations found between whole grain consumption or white rice consumption and adverse health outcomes.
“Our study from 21 countries showed that higher intake of refined grains

was associated with higher risk of total mortality and major cardiovascular events,” the researchers wrote. “Reduction in quantity and improvement in quality of carbohydrate is essential for better health outcomes.”*

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*Source: American Osteopathic Association https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.m4948

Orzo with Tomatoes, Basil, Peas, and Pine Nuts
Makes 4 servings

Ingredients:
• 8 ounces orzo, white or whole wheat
• 1 1/2 cups cherry tomatoes, sliced in half • 1 cup green peas, frozen or canned (drained or thawed)
• 1/2 cup basil, minced
• 1/4 cup balsamic vinaigrette dressing, low fat (or make your own below)
• 1/2 teaspoon black pepper, fresh if possible
• Optional: 1 tablespoon pine nuts, toasted
• Salt (only as needed)

Directions: Cook orzo according to directions on the box and thaw frozen peas. Toast pine nuts in saute’ pan on low heat until they turn slightly brown and become fragrant. Mince basil, chop tomatoes, and set aside. Mix all ingredients with pasta and serve.
If you would like to make your own balsamic-style dressing, whisk together ¼ cup balsamic vinegar and 2 teaspoons Dijon mustard.
Note: If using whole wheat orzo, be sure not to overcook; and for either, to keep it from getting mushy, rinse with cold water upon draining.
Per serving: 339 calories; 12.7 g protein; 63.5 g carbohydrate; 9.9 g sugar; 3.3 g total fat; 8.1% calories from fat; 6 g fiber; 401 mg sodium
Recipe Jill Eckart, C.H.H.C. - PCRM.org Physicians Committee

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Older adults (ages 55-75) who took a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement with zinc, vitamin C and vitamin D in a 12 week study experienced feeling under the weather for shorter periods of time and with less severe symptoms than a control group that received a placebo.*

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As people get older, the risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies that contribute to age-related immune system deficiencies rises. Across the US and Canada research suggests more than 33% of older adults are deficient.

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Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplements
Play a Vital Role in Protecting
Immune Health*

Older adults (ages 55-75) who took a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement with zinc, vitamin C and vitamin D in a 12 week study experienced feeling under the weather for shorter periods of time and with less severe symptoms than a control group that received a placebo.*

These new findings from Oregon State University researchers were published in the journal Nutrients.

As people get older, the risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies that contribute to age-related immune system deficiencies rises. Across the US and Canada research suggests more than 33% of older adults are deficient.

"A decline in the immune system is most often characterized by increased levels of inflammation, reduced innate immune function and reduced T-cell function," said Adrian Gombart, professor of biochemistry and biophysics at Oregon State University, and a principal investigator at the Linus Pauling Institute. "Since multiple nutrients support immune function, older adults often benefit from multivitamin and mineral supplements."*

*These statements have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to treat, cure, prevent or mitigate disease.

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